Innervation Motor gastrocnemius popliteus soleus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis flexor hallucis brevis foot lumbricals quadratus plantae flexor digiti minimi adductor hallucis foot interossei abductor digiti minimi Sensory articular branch to knee joint sural nerve branch runs distal with the small saphenous vein anastomoses with a branch from the peroneal nerve continues distal on lateral aspect of the Achilles tendon terminates as the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve of the foot Reflexes none Origin L4-S3 roots lumbosacral plexus sciatic nerve tibial nerve medial plantar nerve lateral plantar nerve Course of Tibial Nerve Originates from the sciatic nerve splits from sciatic nerve in distal thigh passes through popliteal fossa runs under arch of soleus continues distally on undersurface of soleus passes into foot posterior to the medial malleolus Terminal Branches Medial plantar nerve runs under the abductor hallucis and superficial to the flexor digitorum brevis gives motor branches to: abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis flexor hallucis brevis 1st lumbrical gives sensory branches to: plantar medial 3 1/2 digits medial 3 1/2 dorsal nailbeds Lateral plantar nerve runs between the flexor digitorum brevis and quadratus plantae gives motor branches to: quadratus plantae flexor digiti minimi adductor hallucis interossei three lateral lumbricals abductor digiti minimi gives sensory branches to: lateral plantar surface lateral 1 1/2 toes lateral 1 1/2 dorsal nailbeds Nerve Injury & Clinical Conditions Tibial Nerve Injury can result from direct trauma or peripheral neuropathy (less common) leads to: loss of ankle and toe plantarflexion weakened foot inversion sensory loss to the plantar aspect of the foot