Heat Cramps Definition painful contractions of large muscle groups because of decreased hydration and a decrease of serum sodium and chloride. cramps can also occur secondary to increased water intake leading to dilutional hyponatremia Treatment rapid cooling stretching electrolyte and fluid replacement Heat Syncope Definition transient loss of consciousness with peripheral vasodilation and decreased cardiac output with normal body temperature. Pathophysiology results from sever orthostatic event secondary to elevated temperatures Treatment fluid replacement lying supine with leg elevation Heat Exhaustion Definition defined as a core temperature of less than 102.2 degrees F (39 degrees C) and an absence of central nervous system dysfunction. Epidemiology the most common heat-induced condition Pathophysiology hypernatremic heat exhaustion results from inadequate water replacement. Symptoms consist of profuse sweating and nausea/vomiting Treatment table salts IV hydration cooling Heat Illness Treatment drink fluids low osmolarity solution (<10%) carbs and stimulate GI fluid absorption Monitor weight 5% loss - not able to return to play 7% loss - see physician Heat Stroke Introduction a medical emergency with a high death rate that results from failure of the thermoregulatory mechanisms of the body Definition hyperthermia tachycardia/tachypnea central nervous system dysfunction cessation of sweating with hot, dry skin anhidrosis Body temperature above 40.5 degrees Celsius Epidemiology second most common cause of death in football players Treatment rapid reduction in body core temperature lower temp below 39°C (102° F) with ice immersion cooling blanket fanning internal cooling if needed IV hydration Complications heat sensitivity may last 1 year