Review Question - QID 214457

A 34-year-old laborer had his left foot crushed in a piece of farming equipment and sustained multiple midfoot fractures and a significant soft tissue defect. The patient undergoes limb salvage with skeletal stabilization and soft tissue reconstruction and presents to your clinic 2 years after the injury. On examination, the patient's left foot has well-healed incisions but is hyperemic and has hair loss compared to the right foot. The foot is stiff, swollen, and the patient complains of persistent diffuse foot pain throughout the course of his recovery. His ESR and CRP are normal. All of the following are risk factors for this patient's constellation of symptoms EXCEPT?