1. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis including the use of factor Xa Inhibitors direct thrombin Inhibitors low molecular weight heparins monoclonal anti-bodies and mechanical prophylaxis. 2. Orthopaedic instrument and implant design testing clinical application and outcomes research in total joint arthroplasty. 3. Motion analysis utilizing wireless IMUs validated with optical tracking systems . 4. 3-D bone modeling in collaboration with Dr Fabrizio Billi to assess the impact of environmental stressors on bone physiology. Stressors include exposure to pharmaceutical/chemical agents pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) and low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS).