Excision of the medial sesamoid of the great toe is indica...

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An 82-year-old male sustains a ground level fall and sustains the injury shown in Figure A. Which of the following treatment methods is most appropriate for treating this injury?

A 10-year-old girl has had recurrent left ankle sprains for the past 9-months. She has tried immobilization in a cast for 5-weeks which has failed to provide relief. She is tender to palpation at the tarsal sinus. Radiographs and CT scan of the left foot show an isolated calcaneonavicular coalition and physical exam revealed a neutral hind foot. What is the next best step in management?

Which of the following is more likely to occur following a total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing versus a total knee arthroplasty with patellar resurfacing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

A 20-year-old patient presents after jumping from the window of a burning building with a sacral fracture. Which of the following fracture patterns seen in Figures A through E would give this patient the highest risk of associated nerve injury?

A 9-year-old boy presents with back pain for 2 years. His cl...

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A 67-year-old female has elected to undergo total knee arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis. A pre-operative radiograph is provided in Figure A. Exposure to place the distal femoral cutting guide is difficult due to poor knee flexion following a standard medial parapatellar arthrotomy. Which of the following techniques will enhance the exposure without altering post-operative rehabilitation or clinical outcomes?

A 25-year-old man sustains a twisting injury to his ankle. His radiograph is shown in Figure A. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to assess the competency of his deltoid ligament?

A genotype within the COL5A1 gene is associated with a reduced risk of which of the following injuries in women?

When placing acetabular screws to supplement cementless acetabular fixation in total hip arthroplasty, placing screws in which zone poses the highest risk to damaging the external iliac vasculature?

A 21-year-old patient with polio presents with a flexible eq...

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A 14-year-old boy sustains a femoral shaft fracture while waterskiing. He is treated with a piriformis fossa entry antegrade intramedullary nail. Six months post-operatively the patient complains of persistent groin pain. What is the most likely complication he has sustained?

A 43-year-old male sustains the injury shown in Figure A. He has an overlying 3 centimeter wound with exposed bone. Which of the following antibiotics is indicated for initial prophylaxis?

A 25-year-old male presents to the emergency department afte...

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What is the mechanism of action of non-nitrogen containing bisphosphonate (e.g. clodronate and etidronate) medications?

When comparing the fibular plating techniques shown in Figures A and B, the plate position shown in Figure B is associated with which of the following?

A previously healthy, 70-year-old female underwent a reconst...

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A tibialis anterior transfer is appropriate for which of the following patients with clubfoot?

Figure A shows a lateral radiograph of an 9-month old's dorsiflexed foot. What is the first line treatment for this condition?

What is the most common anatomical site f...

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A football linemen has posterior shoulder pain after making a block with his arm in forward flexion and internal rotation. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 55-year-old patient presents with lower lumbar back pain. ...

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A 10-year-old girl has bilateral knee radiographs as shown in Figure A. Which of the following conditions is most likely present?

The single rocker sole shoe modification is best indicated for relief of pain in patients with what foot or ankle pathology?

Which of the following materials has a Young's modulus of elasticity that is most similar to cortical bone

A 33-year-old female presents to the orthopedic oncologist w...

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A 75-year-old retired carpenter has had 2 years of increasing left shoulder pain and intermittent swelling of the left shoulder as shown in Figure A. He is right-hand dominant and an avid bowler. He denies constitutional symptoms. Physical examination reveals 80 degrees of active forward flexion and 170 degrees of passive range of motion. Palpation of the left shoulder reveals subcutaneous fluid with no distinct mass. A radiograph is shown in Figure B. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

A 31-year-old female from the United States who is an active IV drug abuser presents with worsening gait instability for the last four days. She has no history of prior international travel. Physical exam shows diffuse weakness in her upper and lower extremities. A sagittal MRI is shown in Figure A. What is the next most appropriate step in management?

In an isolated ankle syndesmotic injury, the fibula is unstable in the incisura fibularis of the tibia. In what direction is the fibula most unstable?

A 51-year-old female presents with an acute inability to extend her thumb, four months after she was treated with cast immobilization for a minimally-displaced distal radius fracture. What is the most appropriate treatment at this time?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the thirty-year follow-up data obtained from the Charnley "low-friction" total hip arthroplasty?

A 35-year-old male suffers the injury seen in Figures A and B following a motor vehicle collision. He is initially taken to a local hospital. The treating surgeon, concerned that his hospital does not have a plastic surgeon available for soft-tissue coverage, arranges for transfer of the patient to a nearby level I trauma center for definitive care. Upon arrival at the definitive treatment center, the patient is taken for formal debridement and external fixator application. Which of the following options has the greatest effect on this patient's risk of infection?

A 91-year-old male with a history of chronic leukemia and dementia falls and sustains the hip fracture shown in Figure A. He undergoes a hemiarthroplasty through a posterior approach. A post-operative radiograph is shown in Figure B. Three weeks later he dislocates the hip arising from the toilet seat. A radiograph is shown in Figure C. The patient undergoes a closed reduction and is placed in a hip abduction brace. Post reduction radiograph is shown in Figure D. One month later he returns to clinic complaining of pain and inability to bear weight through the leg. A radiograph of the hip is included in Figure E. Which of the following factors has MOST likely contributed to the instability of the hip hemiarthroplasty?

A 42-year-old woman presents with sudden left arm pain, cyan...

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The chi-square test is considered the most appropriate statistical test to analyze categorical data, but is unreliable if there are less than 5 events in any of the groups or the sum of all cells is less than 50. Which test is preferred in place of the chi-square test when these small sample sizes are encountered?

Which of the following has been shown to be the greatest ris...

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What description below best describes galvanic corrosion?

A 73-year-old man falls forward from standing height and sustaining a hyperextension injury to his neck. Physical exam of his lower extremities shows he has 4+ of 5 strength to hip flexion, knee extension, and ankle plantar flexion. Physical exam of his upper extremities shows 4 of 5 deltoid and triceps strength, with 3 of 5 wrist flexion and finger flexion strength. A CT scan and MRI are shown in Figures A and B. Which of the following neurologic pathways was most likely affected?

Morquio's syndrome is associated with all of the following anomalies EXCEPT:

A 65-year-old female has severe knee arthritis with a significant flexion contracture and valgus deformity. In the recovery room following her total knee replacement, she is unable to dorsiflex her ankle. Management should include?

What is the most common complication ass...

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A 45-year-old man sustains the injury seen in Figures A and ...

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A 67-year-old female patient presents with increasing right ...

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A 51-year-old male postal worker presents complaining of ank...

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A 79-year old man falls sustaining a hyperextension injury to his neck. A lateral radiograph, CT scan and MRI are seen in Figures A through C. On motor examination, he has 3/5 strength in his deltoids, elbow and wrist flexors and extensors. He has 4/5 strength in his hip flexors, knee flexors, extensors, ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Sensation is preserved in both his upper and lower extremities as well as his sacral segments. Injury to which of the following tracts contributes greatest to his motor function deficits?

A football player subluxates his shoulder while blocking with his arm forward flexed and internally rotated. The “Jerk” test is positive. What is his most likely pathology?

A 26-year-old football offensive lineman presents with shoulder pain which is affecting his ability to block effectively. On exam, he has a positive jerk test and a positive Kim test. What is his most likely diagnosis?

A ballistics expert examines the effects of bullets on tissu...

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A 20-year-old college football offensive lineman undergoes arthroscopic right shoulder surgery for the injury shown in Figure A. Post-operatively he complains of burning pain in the region marked in yellow on Figure B. Which of the following nerves was most likely injured during the procedure?

A 47-year-old female presents with persistent left great toe...

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