MULTI-SUBSPECIALTY SF-36 Overview a generic, multi-purpose, short-form health survey consisting of 36 questions useful for surveys of general and specific populations comparing the relative burden of diseases differentiating the health benefits produced by a wide range of different treatment example polytrauma patients with foot injury have lower SF-36 scores than polytrauma patients without foot injury SF-12 (shortened version with 12 questions) Self-rated preinjury pain-related disability is a predictor of moderate to severe pain 6 months after musculoskeletal injury as measured by SF-12 Structure consists of 8 scaled scores, which are the weighted sums of the questions in their section each scale is directly transformed into a 0-100 scale on the assumption that each question carries equal weight 8 scales include vitality physical functioning bodily pain general health perceptions physical function emotional role functioning social role functioning mental health Veterans Rand 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) Overview a shorter version developed from the SF-36 may be useful if only physical and mental health summary scores are of interest used to assess HRQOL and estimate disease burden Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Overview assesses disease-specific and general health questions adult and pediatric versions available utilizes computer adaptive testing software (CAT) and item response theory (IRT) reduced floor and ceiling effect Subspecialties validated for use in foot and ankle upper extremity spine patients Outcome domains domains include physical mental social health Scoring results reported as T-scores EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) Overview assesses generic health status/quality of life two components health state description: health status measured in 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression) health state evaluation: overall health assessed using the visual analog scale strong reliability and validity for numerous health conditions (disease non-specific) available in 170+ languages Scoring answers correlate to 243 health states or can be converted into the EQ-5D index/utility scores corresponding to 0 for death and 1 for perfect health ADULT RECON Harris Hip Score Tool for evaluating patient after total hip replacement scored 0-100 score is reported as 90-100: excellent 80-90: good 70-79: fair 60-69: poor below 60: a failed result Four categories pain no pain given 44 points function no limp, walks without aid, and can walk more than six blocks given 33 points function activities no disabilities given 14 points physical exam based on range of motion with maximum score of 9 Score does not allow for individual differences based on age, health, or other personal issues that may affect the total score Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Overview measures patients' opinions about their knee and related problems allows for short- and long-term follow-up intended for young and middle-aged individuals with post-traumatic osteoarthritis or traumatic conditions that may lead to OA; also applied to TKA patients 5 domains (pain frequency and severity during functional activities, symptoms including the severity of stiffness, swelling, mechanical symptoms, and range of motion, difficulty with ADLs, difficulty with sport and recreational activities, QOL) Scoring 42 items are scored 0-4 and the 5 domains are scored separately as the sum of all corresponding items scores are converted to a 0-100 scale, where 0 = extreme knee problems and 100 = no knee problems Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Overview designed to evaluate patients with hip and knee arthritis, including pain, stiffness, and joint function/mobility; also has been applied to patients with back pain, RA, JRA, SLE, and fibromyalgia one of the most widely used tools in arthritis research consists of 24 items divided into 3 subscales; measures 5 items for pain, 2 for stiffness, and 17 for physical function use of patient-reported outcome measures provides better assessment of patient satisfaction Scoring most commonly, the sum of the scores in all 3 subscales are added (0-20 for pain, 0-8 for stiffness, and 0-68 for physical function) higher WOMAC scores correlate with worse pain, stiffness, and function FOOT & ANKLE Foot and Ankle Outcome Score Developed to assess the patients opinion about a variety of foot and ankle related problems commonly used in patients with lateral ankle instability Achilles tendinosis plantar fasciitis Consists of 5 subscales: pain other symptoms function in daily living (ADL) function in sport and recreation foot and ankle-related Quality of Life (QOL) Scoring last week is taken into consideration when answering the questionnaire each question gets a score from 0 to 4 normalized score (100 indicating no symptoms and 0 indicating extreme symptoms) is calculated for each subscale. the result can be plotted as an outcome profile SHOULDER & ELBOW Constant Shoulder Outcome Score Scoring scored from 0-100 consists of four variables that are used to assess the function of the shoulder; right and left shoulders are assessed separately 4 variables include pain score subjective measurement, score for no pain is 15 functional assessment subjective measurement, score for no functional deficit is 20 range of motion objective measurement, full range of motion score is 40 strength measures objective measurement, full strength score is 25 UCLA Shoulder Score Overview a shoulder scoring system Categories consists of 5 sections: pain function active forward flexion strength of forward flexion satisfaction of patient Scoring score of >27 indicates good or excellent results maximum score is 35 Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) Score Overview 30-item, self-report questionnaire measures physical function and symptoms in people with musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb Scoring scored in two components disability/symptom section (30 items, scored 1-5) optional high-performance sport/music or work section (4 items, scored 1-5) DASH disability/symptom score = [(sum of n responses/n) - 1] x 25 n is equal to the number of completed responses a DASH score may not be calculated if there are greater than 3 missing items optional module scoring add up assigned values for each response; divide by 4 (number of items); subtract 1; multiply by 25 an optional module score may not be calculated if there are any missing items Quick DASH Overview an abbreviated version of the original DASH consisting of 11 items assesses an individual's ability to complete tasks, absorb forces, and severity of symptoms utilizes a 5-point Likert scale Scoring cannot be completed if more than 1 item is missing scored the same as DASH, with higher scores correlating with a greater level of disability/severity (0-100) Oxford Shoulder Instability Score (OSIS) Overview short, shoulder-specific PRO consists of 12 questions (each with 5 response alternatives ranked least to most difficult) related to ADLs specifically relevant to patients with shoulder instability validated for measuring surgical and non-surgical therapeutic outcomes of patients with uni- and multi-directional shoulder instability Scoring responses from each question are added for a score ranging from 12 (best function) to 60 (worst function) SPINE ASIA Classification Clinical condition spinal cord injury Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) Clinical condition all conditions that affect low back pain Overview important tool that researchers and disability evaluators use to measure a patient's permanent functional disability considered the ‘gold standard’ of low back functional outcome tools Scoring consists of 10 sections, and for each section the total possible score is 5 if all 10 sections are completed the score is calculated as follows: Example: 16 (total scored), 50 (total possible score) x 100 = 32% if one section is missed or not applicable the score is calculated: 16 (total scored) 45 (total possible score) x 100 = 35.5% interpretation of scores Neck Disability Index (NDI) Overview modification of the ODI 10 item questionnaire most commonly used self-reported measure for neck pain intended for patients with chronic neck pain, musculoskeletal neck pain, whiplash, and cervical radiculopathy Scoring each of the 10 sections are added together (each section has a possible score of 0-5), divided by 50, and multiplied by 100 to determine a percentage 0 points or 0% correlates with no activity limitations, whereas 50 points or 100% correlates with complete activity limitation/disability mJOA Clinical conditions cervical myelopathy A point scoring system (17 total) based on function in the following categories upper extremity motor function lower extremity motor function sensory function bladder function Nurick Classification Clinical condition cervical myelopathy A grading system based on several variables gait employment cord symptoms