Summary Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a common congenital disorder caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Patients presents with physical and mental developmental delay. Diagnosis is made by typical clinical features present at birth in the setting of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Treatment is a multidisciplinary approach to address orthopedic, neurological, and developmental abnormalities. Epidemiology Incidence 1.9 per 1,000 births Etiology Associated conditions medical manifestations growth disturbances (before and after birth) central nervous system dysfunction dysmorphic facies (wide-set eyes, thin philtrum) orthopaedic manifestations joint contractures hip dislocation congenital fusions of cervical spine congenital fusions of upper extremity congenital scoliosis pectus excavatum myelodysplasia Presentation Symptoms physical and mental disability poor motor coordination classic facial deformities Physical exam short palpebral fissures epicanthal folds thin upper lip with smooth groove developmental delay microcephaly micrognathia decreased muscle tone Differential Other teratogen exposure Intrauterine trauma Cerebral palsy without FAS Prognosis Outcomes range widely, but most infants show mental disability